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Respiration and Circulation — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYRespiration and Circulation4 Marks
Question
Distinguish between : Neutrophils and Eosionophils.
✓

Answer

Neutrophils Eosinophils
1. Cytoplasmic granules present in neutrophils are stained with neutral stains. 1. Cytoplasmic granules present in eosinophils are stained with acidic stains.
2. Nucleus is three to five lobes showing polymorphic form. 2. Nucleus is bilobed.
3. Neutrophils constitute 62% of total WBCs. 3. Eosinophils constitute 3% of total WBCs.

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​​​​Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Edward Wilson described diversity at all levels of biological organisation ranging from macromolecules inside the cells to biomes. It is of three inter-related hierarchial levels-genetic diversity, species diversity and conununity ecosystem diversity. Species diversity is the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region. For example, the Western ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern ghats.
  1. The number of species per unit area is called.
  1. Species evenness.
  2. Species richness.
  3. Species equitability.
  4. Both (a) and (c).
  1. The table below gives the population (in thousands) of ten species (A - J) in four areas (I - IV) consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each. Study the table and answer the question which follows:
Area and number of habitats
Species and their population (in thousands) in the area
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
I(11)
23
12
0.52
6.0
-
3.1
1.1
9.0
-
10.3
II(11)
10.2
-
0.62
-
1.5
3.0
-
8.2
1.1
11.2
III(13)
11.3
0.9
0.48
2.4
1.4
4.2
0.8
8.4
2.2
4.1
IV(12)
3.2
10.2
1.1
4.8
0.4
3.3
0.8
7.3
1.3
2.1
Which are out of I to IV shows maximum species diversity?
  1. II
  2. III
  3. IV
  4. I
  1. Study the given populations and choose the correct answer in relation to species diversity.
Population
Species
Species
Individuals
Population A
I
Mammals
3
II
Birds
2
III
Amphibians
2
Population B
I
Mammals
2
II
Mammals
2
III
Amphibians
1
Population C
I
Mammals
3
II
Mammals
2
III
Mammals
4
 
Maximum diversity
Minimum diversity
(a)
Population B
Population C
(b)
Population A
Population C
(c)
Population A
Population B
(d)
Population B
Population A
  1. The concept of species diversity has two components : evenness and richness. Evenness is based on the relative abundance of species. Richness is based on the total number of species present. Diversity indices combine a measure of richness and evenness. The Simpson index (D) is calculated from the following equations:
$\text{D}=\displaystyle\sum_{\text{i}=1}(\text{n}_\text{i}/\text{N})^2$
where, n = total number of organisms of particular species
N = total number of organisms of all species
Below are data collected in two terrestrial plant conununities that represent part of a successional chronosequence. ln this case the values were measured as percent cover.
Early Successional Community
Late Successional Community
Species
Percent Cover
Species
Percent Cover
A
83
F
24
B
5
G
20
C
9
H
18
D
2
I
23
E
1
J
15
The data indicate that, relative to the early successional community, the late successional community has which of the following characteristics?
 
Species Richness
Evenness
(a)
Higher
Higher
(b)
Higher
Lower
(c)
Same
Lower
(d)
Same
Higher
  1. Select the incorrect statement regarding species diversity.
  1. It results in polymorph formation and is useful in adaptation to changes in environmental conditions.
  2. Number of individuals of different species represent species evenness.
  3. It influences biotic interactions and stability of the community.
  4. It is a trait of the community.
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Distinguish between: Primary sex organs and Secondary sex organs.
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The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as:
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  2. Source of industrial enzyme.
  3. Indicator of water pollution.
  4. Insecticide.
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Regular change in temperature that occurs at specific intervals of time is called thennoperiodicity. It is of two types-diurnal and seasonal thermoperiodicity. Diumal periodicity refers to temperatures of day and night. It determines periods ofannual activity. In season periodicity different temperature prevails in different seasons of the year. 'Tiley favour different aspects of plant and animal life termed as phenology. For example in wheat, leaf growth requires a temperature of 10º-25ºC. Apple requires temperature below 7ºC for a period of 800 hrs before flowering and fruiting can occur. Low temperature is required for germination of some seeds as well as flowering in some plants. It also determines growth, reproduction, colour and morphology of animals. Both low and high temperature cause stress in organisms which is overcome by particular adaptations.
  1. Some plants require low temperature treatment for flowering. This phenomenon is known as:
  1. Photoperiodism.
  2. Vemalisation.
  3. Thermoperiodism.
  4. None of these.
  1. Animals found in arctic zones are called.
  1. microtherms
  2. Megatherms
  3. Mesotherms
  4. Hekistotherms
  1. Which of the following parts of wheat plant grows maximum in temperature around 10º-25ºC?
  1. Root
  2. Seeds
  3. Leaf
  4. Stem
  1. "Different temperatures prevail in different seasons of the year." It represents:
  1. Diurnal thermoperiodicity.
  2. Seasonal periodicity.
  3. Homeostasis.
  4. Thermoregulation.
  1. Assertion: Low and high temperature causes stress in organisms.
Reasons: Organisms show specific adaptations to overcome stressful condition.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
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(1) Asthma(a) Fully blown out alveoli
(2) Bronchitis(b) Inflammation of lungs with cough and fever
(3) Emphysema(c) Spasm of Bronchial muscles
(4) Pneumonia(d) Inflammation of bronchi
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Distinguish between: Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.
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(3) Ovulatory phase(c) Increased level of progesterone
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Respiratory surfaceOrganism
(1) Plasma membrane(a) Insect
(2) Lungs(b) Salamander
(3) External gills(c) Bird
(4) Internal gills(d) Amoeba
(e) Fish
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