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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology: Principles and Processes2 Marks
Question
DNA being hydrophilic cannot pass through the cell membrane of a host cell. Explain how does recombinant DNA get introduced into the host cell to transform the latter.
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Answer

The cell is made competent by the following methods:
  1. Chemical method:
  • The cell is treated with specific concentration of a divalent cation such as calcium to increase pore size in cell wall.
  • The cells are incubated with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at 42°C and then putting it back on ice. This is called heat shock treatment.
  • The bacteria now take up the recombinant DNA.
  1. Physical methods The physical methods include:
  • Micro-injection method: Recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell.
  • Biolistics or gene gun method: Cells are bombarded with high velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA in plants.

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