સૂચી $-I$ (ધનઆયનો) | સૂચી $-II$(સમૂહ પ્રક્રિયકો) |
$P \rightarrow Pb ^{2+}, Cu ^{2+}$ | $(i)$ $H _2 S$ gas in presence of dilute $HCl$ |
$Q \rightarrow Al ^{3+}, Fe ^{3+}$ | $(ii)$ $\left( NH _4\right)_2 CO _3$ in presence of $NH _4 OH$ |
$R \rightarrow Co ^{2+}, Ni ^{2+}$ | $(iii)$ $NH _4 OH$ in presence of $NH _4 CI$ |
$S \rightarrow Ba ^{2+}, Ca ^{2+}$ | $(iv)$ $H _2 S$ in presence of $NH _4 OH$ |
(for $AgCl$ માટે $K_{sp}$ $= 1.8 \times 10^{-10},$ for $PbCl_2$ માટે $ K_{sp}$ $= 1.7 \times 10^{-5}$)