Development and Democracy — Political Science STD 12 Arts — Question

• Women make up 50% of the world's population.
• Women are half of the society.
• In most countries women were not given some fundamental rights by men for different reasons.
• As a result, the place of women in the society was somewhat inferior.
• Constitutional women have been given equal fundamental rights in India since the country's independence.
• The guidelines of the state suggest that women should not be discriminated against, they should be given equal pay for social work, their health should be maintained, and they should not be exploited in any way.
• The basic duties added to the constitution in 1976 state that it is the duty of every citizen not to engage in practices that harm or degrade the dignity of women.
• The Government of India has formulated various policies for the welfare and development of women in phases.
• Which are in two forms:

1. Formulation and enforcement of laws. 2. To carry out and implement government programs.
1. Formulation and Enforcement of Laws: In the 65 years of independence, the Indian Parliament has passed the following laws for the equality of women and their welfare.

• 1954 and the Special Marriage Act. 1955 and the Hindu Marriage Act.
• Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 - Act of 1961 to give leave to a working or working woman on maternity leave.
• The Abortion Prevention Act of 1971. The Equal Allowance Act of 1976.
• Prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 1978 - Dowry Prohibition Act of 1984.
• Muslim Women's Act of 1986 -Amendment to the Mercury Prohibition of Satipratha in 1987.
• The Prevention of Fetal Testing Act of 1994 - The Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women Act of 2002.
• Amendment to the Hindu Heritage Act in 2005.
• Equal rights of daughter and son in patrimonial property.
• The Shri Suraksha Act against Domestic Violence Act of 2005-2013 Prevents Sexual Harassment of Women in the Workplace.
• The 2013 Criminal Code amended the law to provide for the use of acid or reluctance to photograph women or to protect their honor and dignity.
• The Government of India has made rape a serious offense under the Criminal Code and has provided strict punishment.
• In view of such cases, in 2015, the Parliament reduced the age of full age from 18 to 16 years.
• The judiciary has also come up with several judgments to protect the interests of women.
• Significant improvements have been made in 2007 regarding the divorce of Muslim women.

2. To conduct and implement government programs: The Government of Gujarat and the Government of India have organized various welfare programs for the upliftment of women according to their respective levels.

• The Government of India has so far implemented the following programs for the welfare of women.
• Implemented several programs for women and child welfare in 13 five year plans.
• In 1954, the Government of India implemented various programs through the Central Social Welfare Committee.
• In 1986, the National Education Policy was formulated in which various programs were implemented to promote girls' education and women's self-employment. In 1995, the Department of Women and Children was formed at the central level.
• Which aims to organize women and involve them in the decision-making process.
• In 1998, under the Rural Women's Development and Empowerment Scheme, the government launched various schemes to provide incentives to women for employment at the village level.
• The Gujarat government has also done different programs for women.
• In which, women industry training scheme.
• Agricultural training scheme. Sakhi Mandal Yojana, Kunwarbai's Mameru Yojana, Saraswati Sadhana Yojana, Chiranjeevi Yojana, Kishori Shakti Yojana, Betty Bachao Betty Padhao Yojana, Matru Vandana Yojana, Shakti Mandal Yojana, Balika Samrudhi Yojana, Mahila Vriddha Ashram and Nari Adalato. Such as women's development and security programs are key. ”
• In 2015, the Gujarat government has started a service called "Abhayam" 181 for the protection of women.
• Apart from this, as part of girls' education in Gujarat, students are provided free education service from primary school to post-graduate.
• Gujarat ST Corporation has free education facility for rural students.
• At present Gujarat Government gives 33% reservation in recruitment of teachers in primary schools and in local institutions.
• Thus, the state government and the central government are seen to be making sincere efforts for the welfare of women. And in many areas women are at the top.