Question
Explain briefly the various characteristics or features of index numbers.

Answer

The characteristics of index numbers are as follows:
  1. Specialised Averages: Index numbers are specialised averages as they are helpful in computing combined averages of goods and services expressed in different units. Unlike the measures of central tendency, which can compute averages of variables expressed in one unit only, index numbers can measure the averages of variables with diverse units.
  2. Measure the Relative Changes: Index numbers Measure the relative change in the value of the variable under study. Because of this, index numbers are expressed in terms of percentages which are independent of the units of measurement.
  3. Measure the Net Changes: Index numbers measure net changes in a variable or group of variables. They describe net change in a single number. This facilitates the comparisons of two or more index numbers.
  4. Measure the Change not Capable of Direct Measurement: Index numbers are meant to study the changes in the effects of such factors which cannot be measured directly. For example, changes in business activity in a country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to study relative changes in business activity with the help of index number.

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