Question
Explain Catalytic property of transition element.
✓
Answer
$\rightarrow$ The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity.
$\rightarrow$ This activity is ascribed to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes.
$\rightarrow$ Vanadium $(V)$ oxide $($in Contact Process$),$ finely divided iron $($in Haber's Process$),$ and nickel $($in Catalytic Hydrogenation$)$ are some of the examples.
$\rightarrow$ Catalysts at a solid surface involve the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and atoms of the surface of the catalyst $($first row transition metals utilise $3d$ and $4s$ electrons for bonding$)$.
$\rightarrow$ This has the effect of increasing the concentration of the reactants at the catalyst surface and also weakening of the bonds in the reacting molecules $($the activation energy is lowering$)$.
$\rightarrow$ The Transition metal ions can change their oxidation states, they become more effective as catalysts.
$\rightarrow$ For example, iron $(III)$ catalyses the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions.
$2 I ^{-}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow I _2+2 SO _4^{2-}$
$\rightarrow$ An explanation of this catalytic action can be given as :
$2 Fe ^{3+}+2 I ^{-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{2+}+ I _2$
$2 Fe ^{2+}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{3+}+2 SO _4^{2-}$
$\rightarrow$ This activity is ascribed to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes.
$\rightarrow$ Vanadium $(V)$ oxide $($in Contact Process$),$ finely divided iron $($in Haber's Process$),$ and nickel $($in Catalytic Hydrogenation$)$ are some of the examples.
$\rightarrow$ Catalysts at a solid surface involve the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and atoms of the surface of the catalyst $($first row transition metals utilise $3d$ and $4s$ electrons for bonding$)$.
$\rightarrow$ This has the effect of increasing the concentration of the reactants at the catalyst surface and also weakening of the bonds in the reacting molecules $($the activation energy is lowering$)$.
$\rightarrow$ The Transition metal ions can change their oxidation states, they become more effective as catalysts.
$\rightarrow$ For example, iron $(III)$ catalyses the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions.
$2 I ^{-}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow I _2+2 SO _4^{2-}$
$\rightarrow$ An explanation of this catalytic action can be given as :
$2 Fe ^{3+}+2 I ^{-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{2+}+ I _2$
$2 Fe ^{2+}+ S _2 O _8^{2-} \rightarrow 2 Fe ^{3+}+2 SO _4^{2-}$
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