Explain: Diagonal relationship in group 1 and group 2.

Question

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Answer

Elements belonging to the same group are expected to exhibit similarity and gradation in their properties.
However, first alkali metal, lithium, and the first alkaline earth metal, beryllium, do not fulfil this expectation.
Thus, lithium shows many differences when compared with the remaining alkali metals and shows similarity with magnesium, the second alkaline earth metal.
Similarly, beryllium shows many differences with remaining alkaline earth metals and shows similarity with aluminium, the second element of the next main group i.e., group 13.
The relative placement of these elements with similar properties in the periodic table is across a diagonal and thus, it is called diagonal relationship.

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	Process		Used in the purification/separation of
i.	Crystallization	a.	Acetone and benzene
ii.	Simple distillation	b.	Benzoic acid and water
iii.	Fractional distillation	c.	Impure copper sulphate
iv.	Solvent extraction	d.	Acetone and water

	Law		Statement
i.	Law of definite proportions	a.	When two elements A and B form more than one compounds, the masses of element B that combine with a given mass of A are always in the ratio of small whole numbers
ii.	Gay Lussac’s law	b.	Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules
iii.	Law of multiple proportions	c.	When gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction they do so in a simple ratio by volume, provided all gases are at same temperature and pressure
iv.	Avogadro’s law	d.	A given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by weight