Question
Explain why halide group is an ortho and para directing group.
✓
Answer
i. In aryl halides, halogens are moderately deactivating. Because of their strong -I effect, overall electron density on the benzene ring decreases, which makes the electrophilic substitution difficult.
ii. However, halogens are ortho and para directing. This can be explained by considering resonance structures.
iii. e.g. Chlorobenzene has the following resonating structures:
iv. Due to resonance, the electron density on ortho and para positions is greater than meta positions and hence, -Cl is ortho and para directing.
ii. However, halogens are ortho and para directing. This can be explained by considering resonance structures.
iii. e.g. Chlorobenzene has the following resonating structures:
iv. Due to resonance, the electron density on ortho and para positions is greater than meta positions and hence, -Cl is ortho and para directing.
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