Hydrocarbons — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

i. If the two atoms or groups bonded to each end of the C=C double bond are different, then the molecule can be represented by two different special arrangements of the groups as follows:

ii. In structure (A), two identical atoms or groups lie on the same side of the double bond.
The geometrical isomer in which two identical or similar atoms or groups lie on the same side of the double bond is called cis-isomer.
iii. In structure (B), two identical atoms or groups lie on the opposite side of the double bond.
The geometrical isomer in which two identical or similar atoms or groups lie on the opposite side of the double bond is called trans-isomer.
iv. Due to different arrangement of atoms or groups in space, these isomers differ in their physical properties like melting point, boiling point, solubility, etc.