Question
Explain in detail the steps involved in hybridization.
✓
Answer
Steps involved in hybridization:
$i.$ Formation of the excited state:
$a.$ The paired electrons in the ground state are uncoupled and one electron is promoted to the vacant orbital having slightly higher energy.
$b.$ Now, total number of half$-$filled orbitals is equal to the valency of the element in the stable compound, e.g. In $BeF_2,$ valency of $Be$ is two. In the excited state, one electron from $2s$ orbital is uncoupled and promoted to $2p$ orbital.
$ii.$ Mixing and recasting:
In this step, the two $‘s \ ’ \ and \ ‘p \ ’$ orbitals having slightly different energies mix with each other.
Redistribution of electron density and energy takes place and two new orbitals having exactly same shape and energy are formed.
These new orbitals arrange themselves in space in such a way that there is minimum repulsion and maximum separation between them. e.g. During formation of $sp$ hybrid orbitals as in $Be,$ the two $sp$ hybrid orbitals form an angle of $180^\circ$ with each other.
$i.$ Formation of the excited state:
$a.$ The paired electrons in the ground state are uncoupled and one electron is promoted to the vacant orbital having slightly higher energy.
$b.$ Now, total number of half$-$filled orbitals is equal to the valency of the element in the stable compound, e.g. In $BeF_2,$ valency of $Be$ is two. In the excited state, one electron from $2s$ orbital is uncoupled and promoted to $2p$ orbital.
$ii.$ Mixing and recasting:
In this step, the two $‘s \ ’ \ and \ ‘p \ ’$ orbitals having slightly different energies mix with each other.
Redistribution of electron density and energy takes place and two new orbitals having exactly same shape and energy are formed.
These new orbitals arrange themselves in space in such a way that there is minimum repulsion and maximum separation between them. e.g. During formation of $sp$ hybrid orbitals as in $Be,$ the two $sp$ hybrid orbitals form an angle of $180^\circ$ with each other.
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