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Biodiversity and Conservation — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Bihar BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiodiversity and Conservation4 Marks
Question
Explain in situ approach for conservation of biodiversity.
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Answer

→ In situ conservation faced with the conflict between development and conservation, many nations find it unrealistic and economically not feasible to conserve all their biological wealth.
→ Invariably, the number of species waiting to be saved from extinction far exceeds the conservation resources available.
→ On a global basis, this problem has been addressed by eminent conservationists.
→ They identified for maximum protection certain 'biodiversity hotspots' regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (that is, species confined to that region and not found anywhere else).
→ Initially 25 biodiversity hotspots were identified but subsequently nine more have been added to the list, bringing the total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world to 34.
→ These hotspots are also regions of accelerated habitat loss.
→ Three of these hotspots - Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya - cover our country's exceptionally high biodiversity regions.
→ Although all the biodiversity hotspots put together cover less than 2 per cent of the earth's land area, the number of species they collectively harbour is extremely high and strict protection of these hotspots could reduce the ongoing mass extinctions by almost 30 per cent.
→ In India, ecologically unique and biodiversity- rich regions are legally protected as biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.
→ India now has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks and 448 wildlife sanctuaries.
→ India has also a history of religious and cultural traditions that emphasised protection of nature.
→ India has also a history of religious and cultural traditions that emphasized protection of nature.
→ In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, and all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection.
→ Sacred groves means conservation of plants and animals according to religious beliefs.
Some sacred groves in India :
→ Such sacred groves are found in Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya.
→ Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan.
→ Western Ghat regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra.
→ Sarguja, Chanda and Bastar areas of Madhya Pradesh.
→In Meghalaya, the sacred groves are the last refuges for a large number of rare and threatened plants.

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