Question
Explain magnetic properties of transition element.
| Ion | Configuration | Unpaired Electron(s) | Magnetic moment | |
| Calculated | Observed | |||
| $Sc ^{3+}$ | $3 d^0$ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| $Ti ^{3+}$ | $3 d^1$ | 1 | 1.73 | 1.75 |
| $Ti ^{2+}$ | $3 d^2$ | 2 | 2.84 | 2.76 |
| $V ^{2+}$ | $3 d^3$ | 3 | 3.87 | 3.86 |
| $Cr ^{2+}$ | $3 d^4$ | 4 | 4.90 | 4.80 |
| $Mn ^{2+}$ | $3 d^5$ | 5 | 5.92 | 5.96 |
| $Fe ^{2+}$ | $3 d^6$ | 4 | 4.90 | 5.3 – 5.5 |
| $Co ^{2+}$ | $3 d^7$ | 3 | 3.87 | 4.4 – 5.2 |
| $Ni ^{2+}$ | $3 d^8$ | 2 | 2.84 | 2.9 – 3,4 |
| $Cu ^{2+}$ | $3 d^9$ | 1 | 1.73 | 1.8 – 2.2 |
| $Zn ^{2+}$ | $3 d^{10}$ | 0 | 0 | |
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