Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

i. Permanent electronic effect:
The electronic effect that occurs in a substrate in the ground state is a permanent effect.
e.g. Inductive effect and resonance effect are two examples of permanent electronic effect.
ii. Temporary electronic effect:
The electronic effect that occurs in a substrate due to approach of the attacking reagent is a temporary effect. This type of electronic effect is called as electromeric effect or polarizability effect.