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Production of Food and its Management — BIOLOGY STD 8 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8BIOLOGYProduction of Food and its Management4 Marks
Question
Explain the different ways in which fields are irrigated?
✓

Answer

Flood or tubewell irrigation : Flood irrigation is used where the land is flat and levelled. Water from an irrigation pump or tubewell is allowed into the field from a high level It is a wasteful method and is used only when water is available in plenty.
$a.$ Furrow irrigation : It is a form of surface irrigation. Water is confined to furrows. It is frequently used for row crops. The field is made into a number of ridges and furrows. The crop is raised on the ridges and irrigation is practiced in the furrows. This method is used for crops which do not require large quantity of water.
$b.$ Basin irrigation : The field is made into a basin$-$like structure. Bunds $($earthen embankment$)$ or ridges are constructed around the areas forming basin. It is used for crops requiring well$-$irrigated conditions and a large quantity of water. It is also a form of surface irrigation.
$c.$ Sprinkler irrigation : Water is sprayed on the standing crops in the form of artificial rain. This method is used where flood or furrow irrigation is impractical.
$d.$ Drip irrigation ; This is the latest development in irrigation systems. Small amount of water is allowed to trickle slowly into the soil through mechanical devices. In this method pipes are fitted with small tubes, called emitters, and laid under the soil in the root zone of the plants. The water from these emitters is released drop by drop into the soil around the roots. If a field is supplied with excess water it is said to be waterlogged. This reduces the supply of air to the roots and stops growth of plants,

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