Question
Explain the directive influence of nitro group in nitrobenzene. Explain why nitro group is a meta$-$directing group.
✓
Answer
$i.$ Meta directing group withdraws electrons from the aromatic ring by resonance, making the ring electron$-$deficient. Therefore, meta groups are ring deactivating groups.
$ii.$ Due to $-I$ effect, $-NO_2$ group reduces electron density in benzene ring on ortho and para positions. So, the attack of incoming group becomes difficult at ortho and para positions. The incoming group can attack on meta positions more easily.
$iii.$ The various resonance structures of nitrobenzene are as shown below:
$iv.$ It is clear from the above resonance structures that the ortho and para positions have comparatively less electron density than at meta positions. Hence, the incoming group/electrophile attacks on meta positions.
$ii.$ Due to $-I$ effect, $-NO_2$ group reduces electron density in benzene ring on ortho and para positions. So, the attack of incoming group becomes difficult at ortho and para positions. The incoming group can attack on meta positions more easily.
$iii.$ The various resonance structures of nitrobenzene are as shown below:
$iv.$ It is clear from the above resonance structures that the ortho and para positions have comparatively less electron density than at meta positions. Hence, the incoming group/electrophile attacks on meta positions.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
Explain the following terms
(a) Mole fraction
(b) Molarity
(c) Molality
(a) Mole fraction
(b) Molarity
(c) Molality
Derive the equation $\lambda=\frac{\left(-\frac{ dN }{ dt }\right)}{ N }$ and write what does $\lambda$ denotes.
→Explain catalytic selectivity with suitable examples.
Draw all the no-bond resonance structures of isopropyl carbocation.
Write the Lewis structure of nitrite ion, $\mathrm{NO}_2^{-}$.
→How many significant figures are present in each of the following?
i. 45.0
ii. 0.001
iii. 2.10 × 10-8
iv. 340000
v. 0.0100
vi. 7890320
vii. 100.00
viii. 100
i. 45.0
ii. 0.001
iii. 2.10 × 10-8
iv. 340000
v. 0.0100
vi. 7890320
vii. 100.00
viii. 100
Atomic mass of ${ }_{16}^{32} S$ is $31.97\ u$. If masses of neutron and $H$ atom are $1.0087 u$ and $1.0078\ u$ respectively. What is the mass defect?
→What are silicones? Where are they used?
Calculate the percentage composition of the elements in $HNO_3 (H = 1, N = 14, O = 16).$
→Explain the variation of the following property of elements down a group and across a period.
i. Metallic character
ii. Nonmetallic character
i. Metallic character
ii. Nonmetallic character