Question
Explain the factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction with example.
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Answer
The factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction are as follows:
- Nature of the reactants: Nature or reactivity of reactants influences the rate of a chemical reaction.
E.g. Al is more reactive than $Zn$. Therefore, the rate of reaction of Al with hydrochloric acid is higher than that of $Zn.$ - Size of the particles of the reactants: Smaller the size of the reactant particles, higher is the rate of the reaction.
E.g. When $HCl$ is added to pieces of Shahabad tile, the $CO_2$ effervescence is formed slowly. However, when $HCl$ is added to Shahabad powder, the $CO_2$ effervescence is formed at a faster rate. - Concentration of the reactants: The rate of a chemical reaction increases with increase in the concentration of the reactants.
E.g. Dilute $HCl$ reacts slowly with calcium carbonate, $CaCO_3$ whereas concentrated $HCl$ reacts rapidly with $CaCO_3.$ - Temperature of the reaction: Higher the temperature, faster is the rate of a chemical reaction.
E.g. The temperature in the refrigerator is low. So, the rate of decomposition of perishable foodstuffs is low and it remains fresh for a longer time. - Catalyst: Presence of catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
E.g. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen takes place slowly at room temperature. However, the same reaction occurs at a faster rate on adding manganese dioxide $(MnO_2) $ powder in it.
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