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P-1 Gravitation — Science STD 10 — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceP-1 Gravitation5 Marks
Question
Explain the factors affecting the value of $g.$
✓

Answer

The value of the acceleration due to gravity, $g,$ changes from place to place on the earth. It also varies with the altitude and depth below the earth’s surface. The factors affecting the’ value of g are the shape of the earth, altitude and depth below the earth’s surface.$(1)$ The earth is not perfectly spherical. It is somewhat flat at the poles and bulging at the equator. At the surface of the earth, the value of g is maximum $(9.832 m/s^2 )$ at the poles as the polar radius is minimum, while it is minimum $(9.78 m/s^2 )$ at the equator as the equatorial radius is maximum.
$(2)$ As the height $(h)$ above the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases. It varies as $\frac{1}{(R+h)^{2}}$, where R is radius of the earth.
$(3)$ In the interior of the earth, on average, the value of g is less than that at the earth’s surface. As the depth below the earth’s surface increases, the value of g decreases and finally it becomes zero at the centre of the earth.
Question 16.
If $g = GM/r^2 ,$ then where will the value  of g be high, at Goa Beach or on the top of the Mount Everest$? ($Practice Activity Sheet $–3)$
Answer:
The value of $g$ will be high at Goa Beach.

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