Climate — Social Studies STD 9 — Question

1. Coriolis Force: The Coriolis force is caused due to the rotation of the earth. Because of the coriolis effect (caused due to the rotation of the earth) the winds in the Northern Hemispere gets deflected towards the right and in the Southern Hemisphere gets deflected towards left.
2. Jet Stream: A jet stream is defined as a current of rapidly moving air that is usually several thousand miles long and wide but is relatively thin. They are found in the upper levels of Earth's atmosphere at the tropopause- the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere (see atmospheric layers).

Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth. On Earth, the main jet streams are located near the altitude of the tropopause and are westerly winds (flowing west to east). Their paths typically have a meandering shape.

3. Monsoon: A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. Monsoons are most often associated with the Indian Ocean. Monsoons always blow from cold to warm regions.

Monsoons are measured by calculating the average rainfall or wind speed. The West African monsoon spans from June to September and is located in western Africa. The North American monsoon spans from July to September, creating storms and heavy rain in the southwestern part of the United States.