Question
Explain the following terms with suitable examples:
(a) Cationic detergents, (b) Anionic detergents, (c) Neutral detergents.
(a) Cationic detergents, (b) Anionic detergents, (c) Neutral detergents.
✓
Answer
(a) Cationic detergents: These are mostly acetates or chlorides of quarternary ammonium salts. They are more expansive therefore used to limited extents. Such detergents possess germicidal properties and are used extensively as germicides, e.g., cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride $\left[ CH _3\left( CH _2\right)_{15} N\left( CH _3\right)_3\right]^{+} Cl ^{-}$ is cationic detergent.
(b) Anionic detergents: These are so called because a large part of their molecules are anions. These are of two types:
(i) Sodium alkyl sulphates : For example, sodium lauryl sulphate $C _{11} H _{23} CH _2 OSO _3 Na$.
(ii) Sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates: The most widely used domestic detergent is sodium 4 (1-dodecyl) benzene sulphonates.
(c) Neutral detergents : Some of the detergents are non-ionic, like the esters of high molecular mass formed by reactions between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
(b) Anionic detergents: These are so called because a large part of their molecules are anions. These are of two types:
(i) Sodium alkyl sulphates : For example, sodium lauryl sulphate $C _{11} H _{23} CH _2 OSO _3 Na$.
(ii) Sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates: The most widely used domestic detergent is sodium 4 (1-dodecyl) benzene sulphonates.
(c) Neutral detergents : Some of the detergents are non-ionic, like the esters of high molecular mass formed by reactions between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
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