Question
Explain the following terms with suitable examples: anionic detergents and.
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Answer
- Anionic detergents: Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbon. The long chain alcohols are treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulphate of high molecular mass and finally alkyl sulphate are neutralised with alkali to form salts.
It is called anionic detergent because large part of the molecule is anion. The single anionic detergent is in largest use today in household detergents is alkyl-benze-sulphonate.
They are effective in acidic solutions whereas soap are not effective due to formation of insoluble fatty acids.
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