Question
Explain the Liebig's combustion process for analysis of carbon and hydrogen.
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Answer
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Among the second period elements the actual ionization enthalpies are in the order Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < Ne.Explain why,
→- Be has higher $\Delta_{\text{t}}\text{H}$ than B
- O has lower $\Delta_{\text{t}}\text{H}$ than N and F?
What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of a $H$ atom in $n = 6$ drops to the ground state?
→Explain how does green house effect cause global warming.
1. Suggest a method to purify
i. a liquid which decomposes at its boiling point.
ii. kerosene oil containing water.
iii. camphor containing traces of common salt.
2. Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound
i. Dumas method
ii. Kjeldahl's method.
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iii. camphor containing traces of common salt.
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What is the pH of $0.001M$ aniline solution? The ionization constant of aniline can be taken from Table $7.7$. Calculate the degree of ionization of aniline in the solution. Also calculate the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline.
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→Attempt any five of the following:
1. Can a catalyst change the position of equilibrium in a reaction?
2. To which category of compounds does cyclohexane belong?
3.
4. What is hydrogenation?
5. What are conformations?
6. The intermediate carbocation formed in the reactions of $HI , HBr$ and HCl with propene is the same and the bond energy of $HCl , HBr$ and HI is $430.5 kJ mol ^{-1}, 363.7 kJ mol ^{-1}$ and $296.8 kJ mol ^{-1}$ respectively. What will be the order of reactivity of these halogen acids?
7. State Le chatelier's principle.
→1. Can a catalyst change the position of equilibrium in a reaction?
2. To which category of compounds does cyclohexane belong?
3.
4. What is hydrogenation?
5. What are conformations?
6. The intermediate carbocation formed in the reactions of $HI , HBr$ and HCl with propene is the same and the bond energy of $HCl , HBr$ and HI is $430.5 kJ mol ^{-1}, 363.7 kJ mol ^{-1}$ and $296.8 kJ mol ^{-1}$ respectively. What will be the order of reactivity of these halogen acids?
7. State Le chatelier's principle.
Explain structures of diborane.
Note: Consider structures I to VII and answer the questions:
→- $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}$
- $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}$
- $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}$
- $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
- $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
- $\text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
- $\text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
Explain the half reaction method (ionelectron method) to balance the redox reaction with example.