The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched under the leadership of Gandhiji in 1920.
(A) Programmes: There were several programmes undertaken during the Non-Cooperation Movement. These are:
1. Non-Cooperation with the government by leaving the service of the government
→ Boycotting the courts and elections to the Central and Provincial Legislatures
→ Boycott of the government schools and colleges.
→ Boycott of the foreign goods
→ Surrender of the government honours and ceremonies
→ During the Non-Cooperation movement many eminent lawyers like CR Das and Pandit Motilal Nehru gave up their legal practice
→ Thousands of students left the government schools and colleges
→ At many places bonfire of the foreign goods was made
→ Gandhiji gave up his title Kaiser-e-Hind and Rabindranath Tagore returned the Knighthood conferred upon by the government
2. Constructive Programme: Along with the Non-Cooperation activities, the positive aspect of the Non-Cooperation Movement was the launch of the constructive programme. These activities were:
→ Revival of the village economy by supporting agriculture, village and cottage industries.
→ Propagation of Khadi to provide employment to the village weavers
→ Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity
→ Eradication of untouchability
→ Promotion of national education. Accordingly Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth. Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth and Jamia-Milia University were set up.
→ Collection of one crore rupees towards Tilak Swaraj Fund'
→ Advocacy of prohibition
→ People gave up foreign cloth and started wearing Khadi.
(B) Events: The Non-Cooperation movement was launched in 1920. The Indian National Congress endorsed the movement at its Nagpur session in December 1920.
→ The technique of the movement was Satyagraha, i.e.. non-violent (passive) resistance offered to the government.
→ Thousands of people from all over the country participated in the movement.
→ The government tried to suppress the movement by arresting Gandhiji and other leaders, opening of the lathi-charge on the Satyagrahis and putting them in jail.
→ In February 1922. a violent incident took place at Chauri-Chaura village in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
→ Thereupon Gandhijt withdrew the Non-Cooperation movement.
(C) Effects: The Non-Cooperation movement generated national awareness regarding the rights of the people.
→ The fear of the government and the police disappeared. People became fearless and prepared to fight against injustice as well as attainment of country's freedom.
→ Congress became an organisation of people. People from all sections of society, youth and women participated in the movement.
→ National education spread across the country.
→ Hindi was used as the medium of mass communication in place of English.
→ However, the movement failed in its objective of dislodging the British rule in India. The communal violence in Kerala between the Hindu Zamindars and the Muslim labour was an unfortunate incident