Question
Explain the reactivity of groups 13, 14 and 15 elements towards air.
✓
Answer
i. Group 13 elements:
a. On heating with air or oxygen, group 13 elements form oxide of the type $E _2 O _3$. $ \left.4 E _{( s )}+3 O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2 E _2 O _{3( s )} \text { (where, } E = B , Al , Ga , \ln , Tl \right) \text { } $
b. At high temperature, group 13 elements also react with nitrogen present in the air to form corresponding nitrides. $ \left.2 E _{( s )}+ N _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2 EN _{( s )} \text { (where, } E = B , Al , Ga , In , Tl \right) $
ii. Group 14 elements: The elements of group 14 on heating in air or oxygen form oxide of the type $EO$ and $EO _2$ in accordance with the stable oxidation state and availability of oxygen. $ \begin{aligned} & E _{( s )}+\frac{1}{2} O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} EO \\ & E _{( s )}+ O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} EO _2 \end{aligned} $ (where, $E = C , Si , Ge , Sn , Pb$ )
iii. Group 15 elements: The elements of group 15 on heating in air or oxygen forms two types of oxide i.e., $E _2 O _3$ and $E _2 O _5$.
a. $\quad P _4+3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} P _4 O _6$
b. $\quad P _4+5 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} P _4 O _{10}$
c. $\quad As _4+3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} As _4 O _6$
d. $\quad 2 Bi +3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} Bi _2 O _3$
Due to increase in metallic character down the groups 13, 14 and 15, the nature of their oxides gradually varies from acidic through amphoteric to basic.
[Note: The temperature required for the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen is very high. This is produced by striking an electric arc.]
a. On heating with air or oxygen, group 13 elements form oxide of the type $E _2 O _3$. $ \left.4 E _{( s )}+3 O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2 E _2 O _{3( s )} \text { (where, } E = B , Al , Ga , \ln , Tl \right) \text { } $
b. At high temperature, group 13 elements also react with nitrogen present in the air to form corresponding nitrides. $ \left.2 E _{( s )}+ N _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2 EN _{( s )} \text { (where, } E = B , Al , Ga , In , Tl \right) $
ii. Group 14 elements: The elements of group 14 on heating in air or oxygen form oxide of the type $EO$ and $EO _2$ in accordance with the stable oxidation state and availability of oxygen. $ \begin{aligned} & E _{( s )}+\frac{1}{2} O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} EO \\ & E _{( s )}+ O _{2( g )} \xrightarrow{\Delta} EO _2 \end{aligned} $ (where, $E = C , Si , Ge , Sn , Pb$ )
iii. Group 15 elements: The elements of group 15 on heating in air or oxygen forms two types of oxide i.e., $E _2 O _3$ and $E _2 O _5$.
a. $\quad P _4+3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} P _4 O _6$
b. $\quad P _4+5 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} P _4 O _{10}$
c. $\quad As _4+3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} As _4 O _6$
d. $\quad 2 Bi +3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} Bi _2 O _3$
Due to increase in metallic character down the groups 13, 14 and 15, the nature of their oxides gradually varies from acidic through amphoteric to basic.
[Note: The temperature required for the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen is very high. This is produced by striking an electric arc.]
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