Question
Explain the structure of the $CO _2$ molecule.
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Answer
The experimentally determined carbon to oxygen bond length in $CO _2$ is 115 pm . The lengths of a normal carbon to oxygen double bond $( C = O )$ and carbon to oxygen triple bond $( C \equiv O )$ are 121 pm and 110 pm respectively. The carbon-oxygen bond lengths in $CO _2(115 pm )$ lie between the values for $C = O$ and $C \equiv O$. Obviously, a single Lewis structure cannot depict this position and it becomes necessary to write more than one Lewis structures and to consider that the structure of $CO _2$ is best described as a hybrid of the canonical or resonance forms I, II and III.
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