Question
Explain the variable oxidation states of metals of first transition series.
✓
Answer
$1.$ The transition metals $($or, elements$)$ exhibit variable oxidation states due to their electronic configuration, $(n-1) d^{1-10} n s^{1-2}$ for the first row.
$2.$ They show only positive oxidation states due to loss of electrons from outer $45-$orbital and the penultimate $3rf-$orbital.
$3.$Loss of one $45$ electron forms $M+$ ion. Loss of two $45$ electrons form $M^{2+}$ ion.
$4. \ +2$ is the common oxidation state of these elements.
Higher oxidation states are due to loss of $3 \ d-$electrons along with $45$ electrons.
$5.$ As the number of unpaired electrons increases, the number of oxidation states shown by the element also increases.
$6. \ Sc$ has only one unpaired electron and it shows two oxidation states $( + 2$ and $+ 3)$
$7. \ Mn$ with $5$ unpaired d electrons show six different oxidation states. They are $+2, +3, +4, +5, +6$ and $+ 7$. Thus $Mn$ has the highest oxidation state.
$8.$ From Fe onwards variable oxidation states decreases as the number of unpaired electron decreases.
$9.$ The last element in the series, $Zn$ shows only one oxidation state $( + 2).$
$2.$ They show only positive oxidation states due to loss of electrons from outer $45-$orbital and the penultimate $3rf-$orbital.
$3.$Loss of one $45$ electron forms $M+$ ion. Loss of two $45$ electrons form $M^{2+}$ ion.
$4. \ +2$ is the common oxidation state of these elements.
Higher oxidation states are due to loss of $3 \ d-$electrons along with $45$ electrons.
$5.$ As the number of unpaired electrons increases, the number of oxidation states shown by the element also increases.
$6. \ Sc$ has only one unpaired electron and it shows two oxidation states $( + 2$ and $+ 3)$
$7. \ Mn$ with $5$ unpaired d electrons show six different oxidation states. They are $+2, +3, +4, +5, +6$ and $+ 7$. Thus $Mn$ has the highest oxidation state.
$8.$ From Fe onwards variable oxidation states decreases as the number of unpaired electron decreases.
$9.$ The last element in the series, $Zn$ shows only one oxidation state $( + 2).$
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