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MODEL PAPER 4 — BIOLOGY STD 11 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceBIOLOGYMODEL PAPER 45 Marks
Question
Explain various steps involved in cellular respiration.
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Answer

Steps of cellular respiration:
i. Glycolysis: Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form pyruvic acid. From 1 molecule of glucose, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid is formed.
ii. Aerobic or Anaerobic respiration:
• In the absence of oxygen pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid or ethanol.
• Citric Acid Cycle: Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid enters citric acid cycle NADH +$H ^{+}$ and FADH2 which enter into the ETS.
Pyruvic acid + $CoA + NAD ^{+} \xrightarrow{ Mg ^{2+}}$ Acetyl $CoA + NADH + H ^{+}$
iii. Electron Transport System (ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Energy stored in $NADH + H ^{+}$ and FADH2 is utilised to form ATP. This is accomplished when they are oxidised through the electron transport system and the electrons are passed on to $O _2$ resulting in the formation of $H _2 O$.
• When the electrons pass from one carrier to another in the electron transport chain, they are coupled to ATP synthase for the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

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