Question
State octet rule. Explain its inadequecies with respect to
a. Incomplete octet
b. Expanded octet
a. Incomplete octet
b. Expanded octet
✓
Answer
Statement: During the formation of chemical bond, atom loses, gains or shares electrons so that its outermost orbit (valence shell) contains eight electrons. Therefore, the atom attains the nearest inert gas electronic configuration.
a. Molecules with incomplete octet: e.g. $BF _3, BeCl _2, LiCl$
In these covalent molecules, the atoms B, Be and Li have less than eight electrons in their valence shell but these molecules are stable.
Li in LiCl has only two electrons, Be in $BeCl _2$ has four electrons while B in $BF _3$ has six electrons in the valence shell.
b. Molecules with expanded octet: Some molecules like $SF _6, PCl _5, H _2 SO _4$ have more than eight electrons around the central atom.
a. Molecules with incomplete octet: e.g. $BF _3, BeCl _2, LiCl$
In these covalent molecules, the atoms B, Be and Li have less than eight electrons in their valence shell but these molecules are stable.
Li in LiCl has only two electrons, Be in $BeCl _2$ has four electrons while B in $BF _3$ has six electrons in the valence shell.
b. Molecules with expanded octet: Some molecules like $SF _6, PCl _5, H _2 SO _4$ have more than eight electrons around the central atom.
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