Question
Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol?
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Answer
The nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. The presence of this group in the ortho position decreases the electron density in the O-H bond. As a result, it is easier to lose a proton. Also, the o-nitrophenoxide ion formed after the loss of protons is stabilized by resonance. Hence, ortho nitrophenol is a stronger acid. On the other hand, methoxy group is an electron-releasing group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the O-H bond and hence, the proton cannot be given out easily. For this reason, ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
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