Question
Explain with two examples each of the following: coordination entity, ligand, coordination number, coordination polyhedron, homoleptic and heteroleptic.
✓
Answer
Coordination entity: It constitutes of a central atom/ion bonded to fixed number of ions or molecules by coordinate bonds e.g. $\left[\mathrm{COCl}_3\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_3\right]$, $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4\right]$ etc.
Ligand: The ions/molecules bound to central atom/ion in coordination entity are called ligands. Ligands in above examples are $\mathrm{CL}, \mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{CO}$
Coordination number: This is the number of bond formed by central atom/ion with ligands.
Coordination polyhedron: Spatial arrangement of ligands defining the shape of complex. In above cases Co and Ni polyhedron are octahedral and tetrahedral in $\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_3\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_3\right]$ and $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4\right]$ respectively.
Homoleptic: Metal is bound to only one kind of ligands eg Ni in $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4\right]$
Heteroletric: Metal is bound to more than one kind of ligandseg Coin $\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_3\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_3\right]$
Ligand: The ions/molecules bound to central atom/ion in coordination entity are called ligands. Ligands in above examples are $\mathrm{CL}, \mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{CO}$
Coordination number: This is the number of bond formed by central atom/ion with ligands.
Coordination polyhedron: Spatial arrangement of ligands defining the shape of complex. In above cases Co and Ni polyhedron are octahedral and tetrahedral in $\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_3\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_3\right]$ and $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4\right]$ respectively.
Homoleptic: Metal is bound to only one kind of ligands eg Ni in $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_4\right]$
Heteroletric: Metal is bound to more than one kind of ligandseg Coin $\left[\mathrm{CoCl}_3\left(\mathrm{NH}_3\right)_3\right]$
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