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Thermodynamics — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryThermodynamics5 Marks
Question
Extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter but intensive properties do not. Explain whether the following properties are extensive or intensive. Mass, internal energy, pressure, heat capacity, molar heat capacity, density, mole fraction, specific heat, temperature and molarity.
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Answer

Mass: ExtensiveDividing in half a tank of air at a given T,P and mass yields two smalller tanks containing air, but the mass of the air in each new, smaller tank is half as it was initially in the one big tank.
Internal energy: Extensive
Dividing in half a tank of water at a given T,P with a given total internal energy yields two smalller tank containing water at the same T and P, but the internal energy of the water in each new, smaller tank is half as it was initially in the one big tank.
Pressure: Intensive
The ratio of two extensive properties is also intensive
$\text{Pressure}=\frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}}=\frac{\text{Extensive}}{\text{Extensive}}=\text{Intensive}$
Heat capacity: Extensive
A sample containing twice the amount of substance as another sample requires the transfer of twice the amount of heat to achieve the same change in temperature.
Density: Intensive
$\text{Density}=\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}=\frac{\text{Extensive}}{\text{Extensive}}=\text{Intensive}$
Mole fraction: Intensive
$\text{Mole}\ \text{fraction}=\frac{\text{Moles}}{\text{Total}\ \text{moles}}=\frac{\text{Extensive}}{\text{Extensive}}=\text{Intensive}$
Specific heat: Intensive
$\text{Specific}\ \text{heat}=\frac{\text{Heat}\ \text{capacity}}{\text{Mass}}=\frac{\text{Extensive}}{\text{Extensive}}=\text{Intensive}$
Temperature: Intensive
Dividing in half a tank of water at a given temperature yields two smaller tanks containing water at the same temperature as that in the big tank.
Molarity: Intensive
$\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{Moles}}{\text{Volume}}=\frac{\text{Extensive}}{\text{Extensive}}=\text{Intensive}$

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