Question
Figure, shows two coherent sources S1 and S2 which emit sound of wavelength $\lambda$ in phase. The separation between the sources is $3\lambda.$ A circular wire of large radius is placed in such a way that S1S2 lies in its plane and the middle point of S1S2 is at the centre of the wire. Find the angular positions $\theta$ on the wire for which constructive interference takes place.

Answer

Let the sound waves from the two coherent sources S1 and S2 reach the point P.

$\text{OQ}=\text{R}\cos\theta$

$\text{OP}=\text{R}\cos\theta$

$\text{OS}_2=\text{OS}_1=1.5\lambda$

From the figure, we find that:

$\text{PS}_1^2=\text{PQ}^2+\text{QS}62=(\text{R}\sin\theta)^2+(\text{R}\cos\theta-1.5\lambda)^2$

$\text{PS}_1^2=\text{PQ}^2+\text{QS}^2_1=(\text{R}\sin\theta)^2+(\text{R}\cos\theta+1.5\lambda)^2$

Path difference between the sound waves reaching point P is given by:

$(\text{S}_1\text{P})^2-(\text{S}_2\text{P})^2=\Big[(\text{R}\sin\theta)^2+(\text{R}\cos\theta+1.5)^2\Big]\\-\Big[(\text{R}\sin\theta)^2+(\text{R}\cos\theta-1.5\lambda)^2\Big]$

$=(1.5\lambda+\text{R}\cos\theta)^2-(\text{R}\cos\theta-1.5\lambda)^2$

$=6\lambda\text{R}\cos\theta$

$(\text{S}_1\text{P}-\text{S}_2\text{P})=\frac{6\lambda\text{R}\cos\theta}{2\text{R}}$

Suppose, for construction interference, the path difference be made equal to the integral multiple of $\lambda.$

Hence,

$(\text{S}_1\text{P}-\text{S}_2\text{P})=3\lambda\cos\theta=\text{n}\lambda$

$\Rightarrow\cos\theta=\frac{\text{n}}{3}$

$\Rightarrow\theta=\cos^{-1}\Big(\frac{\text{n}}{3}\Big)$

Where, n = 0, 1, 2, ...

$\Rightarrow\theta=0^\circ,48.2^\circ,70.5^\circ$ and $90^\circ$ are similar point in other quadrants.

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