Question
For electrophilic substitution reaction functional groups present in singly substituted benzene derivatives. Explain the directive effect and also explain their activating and deactivating nature on basis of resonance.
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| Elements | | $\Delta\text{H}_1$ | $\Delta\text{H}_2$ | $\Delta_{\text{eg}}\text{H}$ | |
| i. | Most reactive non metal | A. | 419 | 3051 | -48 |
| ii. | Most reactive metal | B. | 1681 | 3374 | -328 |
| iii. | Least reactive element | C. | 738 | 1451 | -40 |
| iv. | Metal forming binary halide | D. | 2372 | 5251 | +8 |