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Biotechnology and its Applications — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology and its Applications5 Marks
Question
Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the method with an example.
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Answer

Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms and is part of the cellular defense. Under this method, a complementary dsRNA binds to and prevents translation of mRNA (silencing) and thus silences a specific mRNA. Thus gene expression which could have been carried out by the mRNA does not happen.
This method has been used to encounter a nematode in plants. Agrobacterium is used as vector to introduce nematode specific gene into the host plant. The introduction of DNA results in production of sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNAs form dsRNA and silence the specific mRNA.

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