Reproductive Health — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transimitted diseases (STDs) are also called venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI). Some of the common STDs and their causative agents, symptoms and treatments are :
(A) STDs caused by Virus :
(i) AIDs (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) :
It is caused by virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It also spread through infected needles and surgical instruments, blood transfusion, mother to foetus.
Symptoms : Fever, fatique, swollen lymphy nodes, Chromic diarrhea, weight loss, the immune system damages.
Treatment : There is no treatment for AIDS. One should avoid sexual intimacy with infected person and always use condoms.
(ii) Hepatitis B : It is caused by :
Hepatities B is an infection of liver. It can also be transmitted by infected needles blood transfusion, mother to foetus.
Symptoms : Yellowing of the eyes, abdominal pain, dark urine, liver failure, cancer.
Treatment : It is incurable disease.
(iii) Genital warts : It is caused by HPV (Human Papillomen Virus). Genital warts can also spread by skinto-skin contact like handshakes.
Symptoms : Small bumps on the genitals, itchiness around anus, itching of vagina, skin burning sensation, etc.
Treatment : There are vaccines to protect against genital wart causing viruses. Skin creams like Aldara, Zyclara can be used applied on the affected area. Warts can also be surgically removed.
(iv) Genital Herpes : It is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Symptoms : Pain, itching, small sores on genitals or mouth. Most of the time there are no symptoms.
Treatment : The three major drugs commonly used are acyclovir, famciolovir and valacyclovir. It is completely curable disease.
(B) STDs caused by Bacteria :
(1) Gonorrhoea : It is caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Symptoms : Painful urination and abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina. Women may experience sharp pain in the lower stomach and men may have testicular pain. Fever, sore throat, etc.
Treatment : It can be treated with antibiotics.
(2) Syphlis : It is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can also get transmitted by infected needle. or from mother to foetus.
Symptoms : Fatigue, itching, sore on genital, rectum or mouth, scars on the palms and skin, sore throat, weight loss, rectal inflamation.
Treatment : It can be treated by antibiotic, Penicillin.
(3) Chlanydiasis : It is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also spread by mother to baby by pregnancy, labour or nursing.
Symptoms : All normal vaginal discharge that may have odour, itiching between periods, abdominal pain, painful urination, itching or burning around genital organs.
Treatment : Oral antibiotics such as azithromycin cloxy cycline. The infection may clear up in about 7-12 days.
(C) STD caused by Parasite :
(i) Trichomoniasis : It is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis.
Symptoms : Vaginal discharge with an upleasent small, genital burning or itching, genital redness or swelling, frequrent urination, pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
Treatment–One megadose of either metronidazole or timidazole.