India : Location, Geologial Structure and Physiography-Il — Social Science STD 9 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9Social ScienceIndia : Location, Geologial Structure and Physiography-Il4 Marks
Question
Give information about the North Indian Plain.
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Answer
The North Indian Plain is located between Himalayas in the north and peninsular plateau in the south. It is formed due to the deposition of alluvium of big rivers like Satluj, Ganga and Brahmaputra emerging from these two regions.
The alluvium of about $50$ metres thickness is found in some parts of this plain. It is almost a level land. No part of this plain is higher than $180$ metres.
This plain is about $2400\ km$ long. 1ts western part is narrower than the eastern part. This plain is considered to be one of the largest river plains of the world.
Agriculture has developed in this region due to fertile soil, favourable climate and sufficient quantity of water. This plain is considered to be a prosperous region of India. It includes cities like Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Kolkata, etc.
This plain is narrower near Delhi. Satluj plain lies to the west and Ganga plain to the east of Delhi. This plain is also called as ‘Gateway of Ganga’.
The North Indian Plain is about $2400\ km$ long stretching from the mouth of river Sindhu upto Ganga-Brahmaputra mouth, and is $300\ km$ broad. It is narrow in the east.
The plain has two divisions Sindhu river plain and Ganga-Brahmaputra river system.
The plain formed by five tributaries of sindhu viz. Jhelum, Chenab, Beas, Ravi and is known as ‘Punjab’ (Panch + Aab) Most of this plain is in Pakistan.
Ganga enters the plain near Haridwar then flows eastward. In its course rivers Yamuna, Gomati, Ghaghra, Gandak, (Son), Kosi and other tributaries meet River Brahmaputra meets her in Bangladl Their combined flow is known as Meghna. Q delta formed by these rivers is the largest still expanding riverine delta.
The plain can be divided into four regions the basis of physiography $: (1)$ Bhabar, $(2)$ Terai $(3)$ Bangar and $(4)$ Khadar. $A\ 8$ to $10\ km$ strip formed parallel to Shivalik foothills and composed of pebbles and gravel and is know as Bhabar. Terai region falls in the south Bhabar. There are dense forests in this and marshy region. The old alluvial strata its south are called Bangar and the strata new alluvium is called Khadar.
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