Heart-lung machines and artifical kidney machines employ blood pumps. A mechanical pump can mangle blood cells.Figure represents an electromagnetic pump. The blood is confined to an electrically insulating tube, represented as a rectangle of width $\omega$ and height $h.$ Two electrodes fit into the top and the bottom of the tube. The potential difference between them establishes an electric current through the blood, with current density $J$ over a section of length $L.$ A perpendicular magnetic field exists in the same region. The section of liquid in the magnetic field experiences a pressure increase given by :-
Diffcult
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