Elements of Groups 16, 17 and 18 — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question
Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryElements of Groups 16, 17 and 184 Marks
Question
How are interhalogen compounds prepared?
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Answer
All interhalogen compounds are prepared by direct reaction of halogens or reaction of halogen on lower interhalogen compounds. The compound formed depends upon specific conditions of the reactions,
$(a)$ By direct combination :
Chlorine monofluoride, $\text{ClF}$ : It is a colourless gas obtained by reacting equal volumes of $Cl_2$ and $F_2.$
$Cl _2+ F _2 \longrightarrow 2 ClF$
$($equal volumes$)$
Chlorine trifluoride, $ClF_3 :$ It is a colourless gas, obtained by reacting $Cl_2$ with excess of $F_2.$
$Cl _2+3 F _2 \longrightarrow 2 ClF _3$
excess
Bromine trifluoride, $BrF_3 :$ It is a yellow green liquid obtained by reacting $Br_2.$
$Br _2+3 F _2 \longrightarrow 2 BrF _3$
$($diluted with water$)$
Iodine trichloride, $ICl_3 :$ It is an orange solid obtained by reacting $I_2$ with excess of $Cl.$ This orange solid dimerises to form$ I_2Cl_6$ having $Cl-$bridges.
$I _2+3 Cl _2 \longrightarrow 2 ICl _3$
excess
Iodine chloride, $ICl :$ It is obtained by reaction between equimolar amounts of $I_2$ and $Cl_2. a-$ form of it is a ruby red solid while $1-$form is a brown$-$red solid.
$\underset{\text { (equimolar) }}{ I _2+ Cl _2} \longrightarrow 2 ICl$
Bromine pentafluoride, $BrF_5 :$ It is a colourless liquid and obtained by the reaction of bromine with the excess of fluorine.
$Br _2+\underset{\text { (excess) }}{5 F _2 \longrightarrow} 2 BrF _5$
Bromine chloride $BrCl :$ It is a gas, obtained by the reaction of bromine with chlorine taken in equal volumes.
$Br _2+ Cl _2 \longrightarrow 2 BrCI$
$($equal volumes$)$
$(b)$ By the reaction of halogen with interhalogen compound :
Bromine fluoride $(BrF) :$ It is a pale brown coloured gas prepared by the action of $Br_2$ on $BrF_3.$ $Br_2 + BrF_3 \rightarrow 3BrF$
Bromine trifluoride $( BrF_3) : BrF_3$ can also be prepared by the action of $Br_2$ on $ClF’_3.$
$Br_2 + ClF_3 \rightarrow 2BrF_3 + BrCl$
$(c)$ Special reaction for the preparation of $ICl :$
$ICl($ Wij’s solution$)$ can be prepared by the action of Iodinef $(I_2)$ on potassium chlorate $(KClO_3)I_2 + KClO_3 \rightarrow ICl + KlO_3$
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