1. How are tax receipts different from non-tax receipts? Discuss briefly.
  2. State any two items of revenue expenditure in a Government budget.
CBSE 58-1-3 PAPER SET 2019
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  1. Tax receipt refers to the revenue receipts generated from the different types of taxes. A tax is a legally compulsory monetary contribution to the government by different economic units such as household, firms and other economic units. Taxes are imposed by the government on different activities, income, property, production, occupation, etc. The main motive of imposing taxes is to raise revenue and to incur various expenditures for enhancing welfare of the country. The following are the various types of taxes.
  1. Direct and indirect taxes.
  2. Progressive and regressive taxes.
  3. Ad valorem and specific taxes.
On the other hand, non-tax receipts refer to those budget receipts of the government from sources other than taxes such as interest receipts, dividends, fines, duty fees, etc. Various non-tax receipts of the government can be classified as:
  1. Fees and License: The government receives fees in return of various services provided by it to the people. Example- college fees, passport fees, registration fees, etc.
  2. License Fees: These refer to the fees that are received by the government in return of the allowances granted to the people to perform certain activities. Example- Fees received from issue of import licenses.
  3. Escheat: Escheat refers to the income from a property of a person who dies without having any legal heirs. In other words, the government acquires legal right over a property which has no claimant.
  4. Fines and Penalties: Fines and penalties are imposed by the government on those who boycott law.
  5. Gifts and Grant: Gifts, grants and donations received by the government in events of natural calamity, war, etc. also form a source of revenue for the government.
  1. Revenue Expenditure refers to the government expenditure which does not cause any reduction in government liabilities and also does not create assets for the government.
For example: expenditure on salaries, pensions, subsidies, interest payments, etc.
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