While factory industries grew steadily after the war, large industries formed only a small segment of the economy. Most of them about 67 percent in 1911 were located in Bengal and Bombay. Over the rest of the country, small-scale production continued to predominate. Only a small proportion of the total industrial labour force worked in registered factories, 5 percent in 1911 and 10 percent in 1931. The rest worked in small workshops and household units, often located in alleys and bylanes, invisible to the passer-by. In some instances, handicrafts production actually expanded in the twentieth century. This is true even in the case of the handloom sector that we have discussed. While cheap machine-made threa wiped out the spinning industry in the nineteenth century, the weavers survived, despite problems.