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Simple Machine — PHYSICS STD 6 — Question

ICSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 6PHYSICSSimple Machine5 Marks
Question
How does a pulley make work simpler ? Differentiate between a single fixed pulley and a single movable pulley.
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Answer

A pulley is a wheel or a circular disc that can rotate freely about its axle. It is used to lift Heavy objects. It is neither a force multiplier nor a speed multiplier. It only changes the direction of the applied force from upwards against gravity to downwards towards gravity. There are two types of pulley systems – Single fixed pulley and single movable pulley.

Single fixed pulley:

  • This pulley has a fixed axis of rotation.
  • The load is attached to one end of the rope.
  • Only the direction of the force is changed, not the magnitude, [We can lift the object higher but heaviness of load remains the same]
  • The mechanical advantage of this pulley is 1.
  • Example : Used to draw water from wells.
    Image
    Single movable pulley :

    • The axis of rotation of this pulley is not fixed.
    • The load is attached to the pulley.
    • The direction of the force as well as the magnitude of force change.
    • The mechanical advantage of of this pulley is 2.
    • Example : Used in construction cranes, weight lifting, machines in gym, etc.
      Image

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