Question
How is acid chloride obtained from carboxylic acid?
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Answer
Carboxylic acid on heating with thionyl chloride $\left( SOCl _2\right)$, phosphorus trichloride $\left( PCl _3\right)$ or phosphorus pentachloride $\left( PCl _5\right)$ give corresponding acid chlorides. In this reaction $- OH$ of carboxyl group is replaced by $- Cl$.
The reactions are:
(1) Action on $SOCl _2$ on carboxylic acid:
Example : Acetic acid reacts with thionyl chloride to give acetyl chloride.
(2) Action of $PCl _3$ on carboxylic acid (ethanoic acid) :
(3) Action of $PCl _5$ on carboxlic acid:
The reactions are:
(1) Action on $SOCl _2$ on carboxylic acid:
Example : Acetic acid reacts with thionyl chloride to give acetyl chloride.
(2) Action of $PCl _3$ on carboxylic acid (ethanoic acid) :
(3) Action of $PCl _5$ on carboxlic acid:
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