How is alkyl halide converted into alcohol by using (1) Aqueous N…

Question

How is alkyl halide converted into alcohol by using
(1) Aqueous $NaOH$ (or $KOH$ ),
(2) Moist silver oxide?

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Answer

(1) When an alkyl halide ( $R-X$ ), is boiled with aqueous $NaOH$ (or $KOH$ ) an alcohol is obtained,
$\begin{aligned}
& R - X + NaOH \xrightarrow[( aq )]{\text { boil }} R - OH + NaX \\
& (R-X+K O H \underset{(a q)}{\text { boil }} R-O H+K X)
\end{aligned}$

(2) Alkyl halide when heated with moist $Ag _2 O$, undergoes hydrolysis and forms an alcohol.
$\begin{aligned}
& Ag _2 O + H _2 O \longrightarrow 2 AgOH \\
& R - X + AgOH \xrightarrow{\Delta} R - OH + AgX
\end{aligned}$

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