Question
If $a + b + c = 9$ and $ab + bc + ca = 40$, find $a^2 + b^2 +c^2.$

Answer

Recall the formula $(a + b + c)^2$
$= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)$
.Given that $(a + b + c) = 9$, $ab + bc + ca = 40,$
Then we have $(a + b + c)^2$
$= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) (9)^2$
$= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2.(40) a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 80$
$= 81 a^2 + b^2 + c^2$
$= 81 - 80 a^2 + b^2 + c^2$
$= 1$

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