In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and … - Vidyadip

Question

In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end.

(a) Name the largest cell present in the body.
(b) What is an axon ?
(c) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in a human beings.

OR

Name the following parts of a neuron:
a. Where information is acquired.
b. Through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

✓

Answer

In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and
dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All
information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end.

(i) Nerve cell is the largest cell present in the body.
(ii) Axon is a large, single, unbranched nerve fibre arising from the cyton. It carries impulses from cyton located in CNS to
the effectors.
(iii) Gustatory receptor: Taste buds on the tongue. The receptors for gustation are located in the oral cavity, which brings food and fluids from outside the body into the gastrointestinal tract.
Olfactory receptor: Receptor in the nose. These receptors are common to arthropods, terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and
other animals.

OR

a. Dendrites
b. Axon.

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