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Biodiversity and Conservation — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiodiversity and Conservation3 Marks
Question
  1. ‘‘India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.’’ Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons in support of your answer.
  2. Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity that exists at all the levels of biological organisation.
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Answer

  1. Yes, India has greater ecosystem diversystem diversity than norway having deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alphine meadows.
  2. Genetic diversity:
  1. Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
  2. A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level (E.g. Man: Chinese, Indian American, African etc.) India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice and 1,000 varieties of mango.
  3. Genetic diversity allows species to adapt to changing environments. This diversity aims to ensure that some species survive drastic changes and thus carry on desirable genes.
Specific diversity:
  1. It is the ratio of one species population over total number of organisms across all species in the given biome. ‘Zero’ would be infinite diversity, and ‘one’ represents only one species present.
  2. Species diversity is a measure of the diversity within an ecological community that incorporates both species richness (the number of species in a community) and the eveness of species.
  3. For example, the Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats. There are more than 2,00,000 species in India of which several are confined to India (endemic).

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