Question
Is extra genomic DNA present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? If yes, indicate their location in both the types of organisms.
✓
Answer
Yes, extra genomic DNA is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, extra genomic DNA is present in form of plasmids and as mitochondria and plastids in eukaryotes. In Prokaryotes plasmids are self replicating, extra chromosomal segments of double stranded, circular, naked DNA. Plasmids provide unique phenotypic characters to bacteria. They are independent of main nucleoid. Some of them contain important genes like fertility factor, nif genes and resistance factors. Plasmids are used as vectors in genetic engineering. In Eukaryotes: mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and cpDNA (chloroplast DNA) are present as a extra genomic DNA in mitochondria and chloroplast respectively. Mitochondria have their own naked, circular or linear DNA which can replicate independently. Mitochondrial DNA produces its own mRNA, fRNA and rRNA. Plastids are other semi-autonomous organelles having DNA and double membrane envelope which store or synthesize various types of organic compounds. Chloroplast DNA is naked, circular or occasionally linear.
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