$1.$ $\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {C{H_3}C{H_2}CHC{H_3}{\mkern 1mu} } \\ 
  {{\mkern 1mu} \,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\,^ + }N{{(C{H_3})}_3}^ - OH} 
\end{array}$ $\xrightarrow{{heat}}$ $\mathop {C{H_3}CH = CHC{H_3}}\limits_X $ $+$ $\mathop {C{H_3}C{H_2}CH = C{H_2}}\limits_Y $ 

$2.$  $\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {C{H_3}C{H_2}CHC{H_3}} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br} 
\end{array}$ $\xrightarrow{{heat}}$ $\mathop {C{H_3}CH = CHC{H_3}}\limits_X $ $+$ $\mathop {C{H_3}C{H_2}CH = C{H_2}}\limits_Y $ 

$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
  {Ph - CH - CH - CHO\xrightarrow[\Delta ]{{{K_2}C{O_3}}}} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\ 
  {\,\,\,\,\,\,Br\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Br\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} 
\end{array}$

$\begin{align}
   (A)\,Nu+R-L\to \overset{\oplus }{\mathop{Nu}}\,-R+{{L}^{-}} \\ 
  (B)\,R-{{L}^{\oplus }}\to {{R}^{\oplus }}+:L \\ 
\end{align}$