a
(a) $\sum\limits_{n = 1}^N {{U_n} = } \left| {\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\frac{{N(N + 1)}}{2}}&1&5\\{\frac{{N(N + 1)(2N + 1)}}{6}}&{2N + 1}&{2N + 1}\\{{{\left\{ {\frac{{N(N + 1)}}{2}} \right\}}^2}}&{3{N^2}}&{3N}\end{array}\,} \right|$
$ = \frac{{N(N + 1)}}{{12}}\left| {\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}6&1&5\\{4N + 2}&{2N + 1}&{2N + 1}\\{3N(N + 1)}&{3{N^2}}&{3N}\end{array}\,} \right|$
$ = \left| {\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}6&1&6\\{4N + 2}&{2N + 1}&{4N + 2}\\{3N(N + 1)}&{3{N^2}}&{3N(N + 1)}\end{array}\,} \right| = 0$,
$\{$Applying ${C_3} \to {C_3} + {C_2}\} $.