Lanthanoid contraction occurs because:
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Lanthanoid contraction occurs because the poor shielding effect of $4f$ electrons is coupled with increased attraction between the nucleus and the added electrons.
The atomic and ionic radii $(M^{3+}$ ions$)$ of Lanthanide elements decrease with increase in atomic number.
The atomic and ionic radii $(M^{3+}$ ions$)$ of Lanthanide elements decrease with increase in atomic number.
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