Looking at the Indian scenario, what type of security has been given priority in India, traditional or non-traditional?What examples could you site to substantiate the argument?
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India has faced both traditional (military) and non-traditional threats to its security that have emerged from within as well as outside its borders.Its security strategy has four broad components, which have been used in a varying combination from time to time:
- Strengthening its military capabilities because India has been involved in conflicts with its neighbours:
- Pakistan in 1947–48, 1965, 1971 and 1999;
- China in 1962.
- Since it is surrounded by nuclear armed countries in the South Asian region, India’s decision to conduct nuclear tests in 1998 was justified by the Indian government in terms of safeguarding national security. India first tested a nuclear device in 1974.
- The second component of India’s security strategy has been to strengthen international norms and international institutions to protect its security interests:
- India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, supported the cause of Asian solidarity, decolonisation, disarmament and the UN as a forum in which international conflicts could be settled.
- India also took initiatives to bring about a universal and non-discriminatory non-proliferation regime in which all countries would have the same rights and obligations with respect to weapons of mass destruction.
- It used non-alignment to help to carve out an area of peace outside the blocs.
- India signed Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to be a part of road-map for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases to check global warming.
- To meet security challenges within the country:
- Several militant groups from areas such as Nagaland, Mizoram, Punjab, Kashmir have sought to break away from India.
- India makes efforts to preserve national unity by adopting a democratic political system by providing freedom of speech and expression along with the right to vote.
- To develop its economy:
- India develops the way to lift vast mass of citizens out of poverty, misery and huge economic in equalities.
- A democratically elected government is supposed to combine economic growth with human development without any demarcation between the rich and the poor.
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